Introduction:
Amputee football is a popular sport around the world that has positive physical and psychological effects on disabled people. There are many lower limb injuries during various techniques so, the big challenge in this sport is what is the injury mechanism. One of the potential ways to quantify the injury mechanism is biomechanical analysis by musculoskeletal modeling. Therefore, the main goal of the current study will to simulate the shoot of amputee football by musculoskeletal modeling to find the kinematics and kinetics of lower extremities executed by amputee football players.
Methods:
Ten single knee disarticulation amputee subjects participated in the current study (Age of 39 ± 2.5 years, height of 174 ± 16 cm, weight of 66 ± 2.1 kg). Each subject walked with two common crutches types (Underarm and Forearm). In order to examine lower limb muscular activations, eight selective muscles were recorded: Gastrocnemius Medial (GM), long head of Biceps Femoris (BF),Semitendinosus (ST),Rectus Femoris (RF),Vastus Medial (VM),Vastus Lateralis (VL),Tibialis Anterior (TA) and Soleus (SL). We used the surface reflective markers (according to the plug-in gait model marker) and surface EMG electrodes on the amputee subject.
Results:
The maximum loading on the non-amputated lower extremity varied between 134% and 196% of the body weight.The loading on the foot during kicking the ball was 45.7% higher than that of walking. During kicking, the loading increased extremely and was mainly transferred to the hands. The frequent repetition of kicking during the game may therefore increase the incidence of upper extremity injuries.The degree of freedom of hip, knee and ankle joints was calculated during soccer shooting.
Conclusion:
Based on the obtained results, we will find The important lower limb muscles are discussed,the loads of the lower limb muscles are calculated,the role and application of each muscle in performing the movement, and then the anatomy of the muscles will be examined in OpenSim.Different muscle groups of the thigh and leg are involved in different activities,and shooting is one of the most common injuries due to the load it creates on the muscles.The leg muscle, especially the medial gastrocnemius, has a great impact on the power of soccer shots and is one of the most important muscles in amputee sports.The utilization of a crutch should be considered in the different activities of amputees when the prescription of a crutch aims to choose the best optimum muscle activation patterns.