This study examined the impact of dual-task and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) on the posture control of the elderly adults. The current investigation categorized 48 elderly individuals into four groups: a dual-task group, a real tDCS group, a sham tDCS group, and a physical activity group. All participants were in excellent shape. The static and dynamic balance tests were documented during the pre-test phase utilizing the Biodex device. The participants then completed sixteen sessions of specialized posture control exercises over four weeks. The tDCS group underwent direct transcranial electrical stimulation while exercising, whereas in the sham group, electrical stimulation terminated after 20 seconds. After 20 minutes, a ramp electrical stimulation was applied for 20 seconds, re-establishing the current. As a result, the participants were unaware of whether they were assigned to the sham or real stimulation group. The dual-task group engaged in concurrent cognitive tasks (countdown) while simultaneously performing physical activity, whereas the physical activity group solely focused on practicing the same physical activity tasks as the other groups. Following the training period, a post-test was administered to all participants under the same conditions as the pre-test. To examine this study's data, mixed ANOVA designs, including 4 (group) × 2 (test stage) × 2 (vision manipulation) composite analysis of variance test, were used. The interaction between groups in static and dynamic posture control tests (P≥0.05) was significant; in the following, the dependent t-test and Bonferroni Bonferroni post hoc test were used. The dependent t-test results revealed a significant decrease in the overall stability index across all study groups. However, the Bonferroni post hoc test revealed that the group that received electrical stimulation in conjunction with physical activity experienced the most substantial decrease. The physiological and behavioral effects of transcranial electrical stimulation can be attributed to the polarization of the cell membrane that occurs during the stimulation. The cell membrane undergoes polarization when a low-intensity electric current is applied. Specifically, the flow of electric current induces a consistent polarization of the cell membranes that are exposed to this current. If transcranial electrical stimulation is applied in conjunction with a training task, polarization will occur during neural activity. This shows how neurons process information related to the task and their tendency to plasticity. Therefore, electrical stimulation combined with physical activity training related to balance is the most effective because the type of nerve activity also guides the electrical current.