Background: Chronic non-specific low back pain (CNSLBP) is a public health issue that is significantly associated with complex biological-psychosocial factors and has a distinct impact on quality of life. The aim of this clinical trial is to investigate the effectiveness of six weeks of hydrotherapy exercises on fear of movement in patients with chronic non-specific low back pain.

Method: In this clinical trial, 40 men with chronic non-specific low back pain were randomly assigned to two groups: hydrotherapy exercises group and control group under the supervision of a spine and nerve specialist. Fear of movement was assessed using the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK).

Findings: The results showed a significant difference with a 32% reduction in fear of movement in the experimental groups compared to the control group (p=0.001).

Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that fear of movement variables may be influenced by hydrotherapy. Therefore, considering the beneficial effects, it is recommended that physicians, physiotherapists, and occupational therapists consider hydrotherapy exercise programs as part of a comprehensive rehabilitation program for patients with chronic low back pain. Fear of movement in individuals with chronic low back pain can play a major role in reducing balance and muscle atrophy. These individuals, with the hydrostatic and viscosity properties, can start hydrotherapy exercises without pain and fear of movement, leading to early activity and rehabilitation. The results of this study showed that open and closed chain hydrotherapy exercises can reduce balance deficits and fear of movement. Therefore, it is recommended to use hydrotherapy as part of the recovery process for individuals with chronic low back pain, and hydrotherapy can help reduce muscle tension, pain, and muscle stiffness. Additionally, the buoyancy of water can help reduce pressure on joints and the spine, allowing patients to perform exercises that may be difficult or painful on land.