Introduction: Muscle weakness and reduced strength in MS patients can lead to increased fatigue, balance issues, and movement limitations. This weakness is caused by the involvement of motor areas in the brain and spinal cord, as well as reduced mobility. Engaging in exercise to strengthen upper and lower body muscles can significantly improve the motor performance of these patients.
Methods: The study population consisted of 20 to 40-year-old definite MS patients (based on McDonald 2010 criteria) who were members of the MS Society of East Azerbaijan Province (Tabriz residents). Thirty subjects were selected after screening and randomly divided in to two groups: Exercise (n=15) and Control (n=15). Inclusion criteria included an EDSS scale or Expanded Disability Status Scale score of less than 5 (>5), determined by clinical examination and ability to move independently without assistance. The exercise program followed the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) guidelines for MS patients, including walking and aerobic, resistance, flexibility, balance, and respiratory exercises conducted three times a week for one hour per session over a twelve-week period. Resistance exercises were performed with a yellow resistance band for 1 to 3 sets of 8 to 15 repetitions, gradually increasing weekly. Balance exercises in static and dynamic positions, along with seated stretching exercises, were done with controlled breathing. Hand grip strength was measured with the Camry EH101 hand dynamometer, and lower trunk muscle strength with the FiTRO Back Dynamometer. The results were analyzed using the ANCOVA test with a significance level of p < 0.05.
Results: Significant differences were found in hand grip strength - right (53.27 N, p = 0.001) and left (12.58 N, p = 0.002) and leg muscles (34.93 N, p = 0.001) between the two exercise and control groups.
Conclusion: Combined exercises can effectively enhance upper and lower trunk muscle strength in multiple sclerosis patients (MS), suggesting their recommendation for improving motor performance in these patients.